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Déjà vu, (; (:de.ʒa.vy)) from French, literally "already seen", is the phenomenon of having the strong sensation that an event or experience currently being experienced, has already been experienced in the past,.〔Brown, A. S. (2003). ''A Review of the Deja Vu Experience''. Psychological Bulletin 129: 394-413.〕〔O'Connor, A. R; Moulin, C. J. A. (2010). ''Recognition without identification, erroneous familiarity, and déjà vu''. Current Psychiatry Reports 12: 165-173.〕〔Schnider, Armin. (2008). ''The Confabulating Mind: How the Brain Creates Reality''. Oxford University Press. pp. 167-168. ISBN 978-0-19-920675-9〕〔Blom, Jan Dirk. (2010). ''A Dictionary of Hallucinations''. Springer. pp. 132-134. ISBN 978-1-4419-1222-0〕 Déjà vu is caused by erroneous familiarity and déjà vécu (the feeling of having "already lived through" something〔Ratliff, E. (02-06-2006). "Déjà Vu, Again and Again". The New York Times〕) by erroneous recollection.〔Illman, N. A., Butler, C. R., Souchay, C., and Moulin C. J. A. (2012). "Déjà Experiences in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy". doi:10.1155/2012/539567〕 Scientific approaches reject the explanation of déjà vu as "precognition" or "prophecy", but rather explain it as an anomaly of memory, which creates a distinct impression that an experience is "being recalled".〔"The Meaning of Déjà Vu", Eli Marcovitz, M.D. (1952). ''Psychoanalytic Quarterly'', vol. 21, pages: 481-489〕〔''The déjà vu experience'', Alan S. Brown, Psychology Press, (2008), ISBN 0-203-48544-0, Introduction, page 1〕 This explanation is supported by the fact that the sense of "recollection" at the time is strong in most cases, but that the circumstances of the "previous" experience (when, where, and how the earlier experience occurred) are uncertain or believed to be impossible. Two types of déjà vu are suggested to exist: the pathological type of déjà vu usually associated with epilepsy and the non-pathological which is a characteristic of healthy people and psychological phenomenon.〔Warren-Gash, Charlotte, and Adam Zeman. (2003). ''Deja vu''. Practical Neurology 3: 106-109.〕〔Nathan A. Illman, Chris R. Butler, Celine Souchay, and Chris J. A. Moulin. (2012). ''Déjà Experiences in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy''. Epilepsy Research and Treatment 1–15.〕〔Vlasov, P. N., A. V. Chervyakov, and V. V. Gnezditskii. (2013). ''Déjà vu phenomenon-related EEG pattern: Case report''. Epilepsy & Behavior Case Reports 1: 136-141.〕〔Labate, Angelo; Cerasa, Antonio; Mumoli, Laura; Ferlazzo, Edoardo; Aguglia, Umberto; Quattrone, Aldo; Gambardella, Antonio. (2015). ''Neuro-anatomical differences among epileptic and non-epileptic déjà-vu''. Cortex 64: 1-7.〕 A 2004 survey concluded that approximately two-thirds of the population have had déjà vu experiences. Other studies confirm that déjà vu is a common experience in healthy individuals, with between 31% and 96% of individuals reporting it. Déjà vu experiences that are unusually prolonged or frequent, or in association with other symptoms such as hallucinations, may be an indicator of neurological or psychiatric illness. ==Links with disorders== Early researchers tried to establish a link between déjà vu and mental disorders such as anxiety, dissociative identity disorder and schizophrenia but failed to find correlations of any diagnostic value. There does not seem to be a special association between déjà vu and schizophrenia.〔T. Adachi, N. Adachi, Y. Takekawa, N. Akanuma, M. Ito, R. Matsubara, H. Ikeda, M. Kimura, H. Arai. (2006). ''Déjà Vu Experiences in Patients with Schizophrenia''. Compr Psychiatry 47: 389-393.〕〔Adachi, N., Adachi, T., Akanuma, N., Matsubara, R., Ito, M., Takekawa, Y., Ikeda, H., Arai, H. (2007). ''Déjà vu experiences in schizophrenia: relations with psychopathology and antipsychotic medication''. Compr Psychiatry 48: 592-596.〕 The strongest pathological association of déjà vu is with temporal lobe epilepsy.〔(Neurology Channel )〕〔(Howstuffworks "What is déjà vu?" )〕〔Kovacs, N., Auer, T., Balas, I., Karadi, K., Zambo, K., Schwarcz, A., et al. (2009). Neuroimaging and cognitive changes during deja vu. Epilepsy and Behavior 14: 190-196.〕〔Akgül S, Öksüz-Kanbur N, Turan G. (2013). ''Persistent déjà vu associated with temporal lobe epilepsy in an adolescent''. Turk J Pediatr 55: 552-554.〕〔Warren-Gash C, Zeman A. (2014). ''Is there anything distinctive about epileptic déjà vu?''. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 85: 143-147.〕〔Wells CE, Moulin CJ, Ethridge P, Illman NA, Davies E, Zeman A (2014). ''Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report''. J Med Case Rep, 8: 414.〕 This correlation has led some researchers to speculate that the experience of déjà vu is possibly a neurological anomaly related to improper electrical discharge in the brain. As most people suffer a mild (i.e. non-pathological) epileptic episode regularly (e.g. a hypnagogic jerk, the sudden "jolt" that frequently, but not always, occurs just prior to falling asleep), it is conjectured that a similar (mild) neurological aberration occurs in the experience of déjà vu, resulting in an erroneous sensation of memory. Scientists have even looked into genetics when considering déjà vu. Although there is not currently a gene associated with déjà vu, the LGII gene on chromosome 10 is being studied for a possible link. Certain forms of the gene are associated with a mild form of epilepsy and, though by no means a certainty, déjà vu occurs often enough during seizures that researchers have reason to suspect a link. A 2008 study found that déjà vu experiences are unlikely to be pathological dissociative experiences.〔Adachi, N., Akanu, N., Adachi, T., Takekawa, Y., Adachi, Y., Ito, M. & Ikeda, H. (2008). ''Déjà vu experiences are rarely associated with pathological dissociation''. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 196, 417–419.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Déjà vu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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